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Sūrat al-Masad ((アラビア語:سورة المسد), meaning "The Palm Fiber") is the 111th chapter (Sura) of the Quran with 5 verses. Verse 1 mentions one of Muhammad's adversaries named Abu Lahab.〔(Quran 111 )〕 This surah takes its name from verse 5 in which the phrase “ḥablun min masad” (meaning “a rope of palm fibre”) occurs that mentions the palm fibre rope that in hellfire shall be twisted around the neck of the wife of Muhammad’s uncle, who bitterly opposed Islam; for she took great pride in wearing an ostentatious necklace she became known for and would slip by night to strew thorns and prickly plants in Muhammad’s path to injure his feet.〔http://al-quran.info/#111:1〕〔http://englishtafsir.com/Quran/111/index.html〕〔http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1062&Itemid=167〕 == Surah Al-Masadd in Hadith == Since this is the only place in the Quran where an enemy of Islam has been condemned by name, the study of hadith is pivotal to grasp the special trait of the character of this person, which became the basis of this condemnation by name, as ''Ḥadīth'' (حديث) is literally "speech"; recorded saying or tradition of Muhammad validated by isnad; with sira these comprise the sunnah and reveal shariah . * Narrated Ibn Abbas: Abu Lahab said, "May you perish! Is it' for this that you have gathered us?" So there was revealed: 'Perish the hands of Abu Lahab'.〔Sahih Bukhari, Prophetic Commentary on the Qur'an (Tafseer of the Prophet (pbuh)); USC-MSA web (English) reference: Vol. 6, Book 60, Hadith 497〕〔Arabic reference كتاب التفسير: Book 65, Hadith 4973〕〔Sahih Bukhari, Book 23: Book of Funerals (Al-Janaa'iz): (98) Chapter: Talking about the wicked among the dead كتاب الجنائز (98) باب ذِكْرِ شِرَارِ الْمَوْتَى Sahih al-Bukhari 1394. In-book reference: Book 23, Hadith 149; USC-MSA web (English) reference: Vol. 2, Book 23, Hadith 477 (deprecated numbering scheme)〕 * Narrated Ibn Abbas: When the Verse: 'And warn your tribe of near-kindred(26:214〔http://wikilivres.ca/wiki/The_Holy_Quran/Ash-Shuara〕), was revealed, the Prophet (pbuh) ascended the Safa (mountain) and started calling, "O Bani Fihr! O Bani `Adi!" addressing various tribes of Quraish till they were assembled. Those who could not come themselves, sent their messengers to see what was there. Abu Lahab and other people from Quraish came and the Prophet (pbuh) then said, "Suppose I told you that there is an (enemy) cavalry in the valley intending to attack you, would you believe me?" They said, "Yes, for we have not found you telling anything other than the truth." He then said, "I am a warner to you in face of a terrific punishment." Abu Lahab said (to the Prophet) "May your hands perish all this day. Is it for this purpose you have gathered us?" Then it was revealed: "Perish the hands of Abu Lahab (one of the Prophet's uncles), and perish he! His wealth and his children will not profit him...." (111.1-5)〔Sahih Bukhari, Prophetic Commentary on the Qur'an (Tafseer of the Prophet (pbuh)); USC-MSA web (English) reference: Vol. 6, Book 60, Hadith 293〕〔Sahih Bukhari, Arabic reference: كتاب التفسير: Book 65, Hadith 4770〕〔Sahih Bukhari, USC-MSA web (English) reference: Vol. 6, Book 60, Hadith 325 Arabic reference: Book 65, Hadith 4801〕〔Sahih Bukhari, USC-MSA web (English) reference: Vol. 6, Book 60, Hadith 495 Arabic reference: Book 65, Hadith 4971〕〔Sahih Bukhari, USC-MSA web (English) reference: Vol. 6, Book 60, Hadith 496 Arabic reference: Book 65, Hadith 4972〕〔Jami` at-Tirmidhi, Chapters on Tafsir - كتاب تفسير القرآن عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم Grade: Sahih (Darussalam); English reference: Vol. 6, Book 44, Hadith 3363; Arabic reference: Book 47, Hadith 3689〕〔Sahih Muslim Book#1 The Book of Faith كتاب الإيمان ; Chapter#89: Regarding the saying of Allah, the most High: "And warn your tribe of near kindred." (89) باب فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: . In-book reference: Book 1, Hadith 416; USC-MSA web (English) reference〕 * Narrated Jundub bin Sufyan: Once Allah's Messenger (pbuh) became sick and could not offer his night prayer (Tahajjud) for two or three nights. Then a lady (the wife of Abu Lahab) came and said, "O Muhammad! I think that your satan has forsaken you, for I have not seen him with you for two or three nights!" On that Allah revealed: 'By the fore-noon, and by the night when it darkens, your Lord (O Muhammad) has neither forsaken you, nor hated you.' (93.1-3〔http://al-quran.info/#93:3〕).〔Sahih Bukhari, Prophetic Commentary on the Qur'an (Tafseer of the Prophet (pbuh)) - كتاب التفسير » Hadith USC-MSA web (English) reference: Vol. 6, Book 60, Hadith 475; Arabic reference: Book 65, Hadith 4950〕〔http://www.sunnah.com/urn/46300〕〔Sahih Bukhari, Book of Virtues of the Qur'an Book#كتاب فضائل القرآن 66 Virtues of the Qur'an: (1) Chapter: How the Divine Revelation used to be revealed and what was the first thing revealed (1) باب كَيْفَ نُزُولُ الْوَحْىِ وَأَوَّلُ مَا نَزَلَ〕 * According to Ibn /jarir: One day Abu Lahab asked the Holy Prophet: "If I were to accept your religion, what would I get?" The Holy Prophet replied: "You would get what the other believers would get." He said: "Is there no preference or distinction for me?" The Holy Prophet replied: "What else do you want?" Thereupon he said: "May this religion perish in which I and all other people should be equal and alike!".〔hadith by Ibn Jarir According to Ibn Zaid〕 * Rabiah bin Abbad ad- Dill related: "I was a young boy when I accompanied my father to the face of Dhul-Majaz. There I saw the Holy Messenger (may peace be upon him) who was exhorting the people, saying: 'O people, say: there is no deity but Allah, you will attain success.' Following behind him I saw a man, who was telling the people, `This fellow is a liar: he has gone astray from his ancestral faith.' I asked; who is he? The people replied: He is his uncle, Abu Lahab."〔(Musnad Ahmad, Al-Bayhaqi)〕〔Abul A'la Maududi's tafsir work The Meaning of the Qur'an〕〔http://englishtafsir.com/Quran/111/index.html〕 * Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi was a widely read and very influential, a 20th-century Islamist political philosopher, journalist, Islamic scholar, Muslim revivalist leader (1903–1979), in his tafsir (''Tafhim al-Qur'an'' ) relates〔Lahore: Islamic Publications, Ltd. (1981)〕 In Makkah Abu Lahab was the next door neighbor of the Holy Prophet. Their houses were separated by a wall. Besides him, Hakam bin As (Father of Marwan), Uqbah bin Abi Muait, Adi bin Hamra and Ibn al-Asda il-Hudhali also were his neighbors. These people did not allow him to have peace even in his own house. Sometimes when he was performing the Prayer, they would place the goat's stomach on him; sometimes when food was being cooked in the courtyard, they would throw filth at the cooking pot. The Holy Prophet would sometimes come out and say: "O Bani Abdi Manaf, what kind of neighborliness is it?"Abu Lahab's wife, Umm Jamil (Abu Sufyan's sister), had made it a practice to cast thorns at his door in the night so that when he or his children came out of the house at dawn, they should run thorns in the foot.〔Al-Bayhaqi, Ibn Abi Hatim, Ibn Jarir, Ibn Asakir, Ibn Hisham〕 * When Muhammad’s son Qasim ibn Muhammad died in 605, Abu Lahab came out of his house screaming and dancing. And he says Batara Muhammadun – Muhammed has had his lineage cut off.〔Abul A'la Maududi's tafsir work The Meaning of the Qur'an〕〔Ibn Jarir Ibn Sa'd and lbn Asakir have related that Hadrat Abdullah bin Abbas said this.〕 Ata ibn Abi Rabah reported same happening when the second son of the Holy Prophet died.〔http://englishtafsir.com/Quran/108/index.html〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Al-Masad」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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